This course will tackle and explore physical issues involved when deciding to start or expand a beef cattle operation. These issues include selecting suitable types of animals for the climate and market and selecting a suitable location when establishing a new enterprise. Details of pen and yard design are given for the smallholder with up to five animals and for the larger operation run by a producer group or by individual. Issues involved in managing beef cattle. It covers the important principles of animal welfare, communication between the handler and the animal, and the training of new animals. The care and feeding of young calves is described, along with possible operations on the calf for easier and safer management. Issues involved in breeding cattle in the tropics. It illustrates the sexual anatomies of male and female cattle and how suitable breeding stock should be selected. It describes signs of females being ready to mate, how they should be managed to maximize the production of calves and problems that may be experienced at and after calving. Describes how farmers and cattle handlers need to observe their stock daily to identify and treat suspect animals promptly. It production, forage species planted must be suited to the soil and the climate, and also to the farming system. Forages are only as productive as the level of management and fertility applied.