This course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts, strategies, and technologies involved in safeguarding agricultural crops from various biotic and abiotic stressors. It specifically covers the identification, biology, and ecology of pests (including pathogens, insects, weeds, and other important vertebrate and invertebrate species), as well as invasive species and their natural enemies. Emphasis is placed on integrated pest population management for food security and environmental safety, while also recognizing the vital roles that both men and women play in crop protection decision-making, pest monitoring, and the adoption of sustainable practices in diverse farming communities.